End-effector for cell volumetric stimulation

The end-effector device comprises a cylindrical, stem-like structure terminating in a deformable membrane, both stem and membrane made of bi-component silicone rubber. The actuator system comprises an air transmission system located inside the stem structure. It includes a microcontroller connected by a tubing system to mechanical, electronic and/or hydraulic components configured to measure and control relevant physical parameters. An air chamber, located between the air transmission system and the deformable membrane, allows for controlled variation of air pressure and volume of the deformable membrane.

The end-effector can be fixed to the plastic lid of commonly used cell culture dishes, including multiwell plates (24- and 96-well plates), which, in this case, may be simultaneously used. Cells are seeded onto the deformable membrane and submerged in culture medium for mechanical stimulation testing, gene expression studies, and assessment of the effects of physical stress on respiration, cell alterations or proliferation, metabolic status and mechanical properties of stressed cells.