DefendEx,

Many bacteria are known to be involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and catecholamines, which play important roles in brain and mental health. Disturbance of their normal ratio in the gut changes the concentrations of these neurotransmitters in the body and affects the brain in a way that leads to depression. Some bacterial strains that affect the 5-HT pathway and regulate catecholamines are included in health-promoting functional foods that have significant effects on the regulation of neurometabolites [3]. Israeli scientists recently isolated the same signaling microorganisms from the saliva of all 200 examined veterans with posttraumatic stress disorders, PTSD [4]. Expression of signaling microbiota (i.e., decreased levels of sp_HMT_914, 332, and 871 and Noxia bacteria) was correlated with PTSD severity, for example, with obsessions, agitation, and reactivity, as well as additional psychopathological symptoms, including anxiety, hostility, memory problems and idiopathic pain. In contrast, duration of treatment correlated with significantly increased levels of sp_HMT_871 and decreased levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and was inversely correlated with adverse psychopathology scores. Results and Discussion We discovered a) unique markers of chronic inflammation and vascular elasticity (an increased number of Oscillospiraceae UCG-002, Fusicatenibacter, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Monoglobus, Muribaculaceae, Coriobacteriales, Anaerovoracaceae, Eggerthellaceae) and b) new biomarkers of early symptoms of these disorders (Veillonellaceae, Muribaculaceae, archaea WPS-2, Succinivibrio, Elusimicrobium, Akkermansiaceae, Bacteroides). The expression of genes regulating lymphocyte immunometabolism in patients with COVID-19 and T2DM was determined, depending on the type of hypoglycemic therapy. Correlations were determined between the expression levels of PRKAA1, SLC2A1, MTOR and biomarkers of inflammation (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio). Correction of the microbiome by various biotics is proposed on the principles of 3P medicine [5]. Our algorithm and IS developed and widely reported were applied for targeted correction of different microbiome compositions specific to the “diseases” stage based on individual omics profile by individual nutrition, physical and rehabilitative psychological activity recommendation, relay on lifestyle, pollution etc. Conclusion Bioactive compounds of the unique technology of extraction, postbiotics and psychobiotics developed on unique strains of probiotic microbes and their metabolites, which are capable to personalized prognostic correction of an individual intestinal and oral microbiota, and therefore biochemical and mental health for prevention/treatment of post-traumatic stress syndrome and age-stress-related diseases are promising medication tools and currently under clinical investigation. References 1. Baião, R., Capitão, L.P., Higgins, C., Browning, M., Harmer, C.J., Burnet, P.W.J., 2022. Multispecies probiotic administration reduces emotional salience and improves mood in subjects with moderate depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychol. Med. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172100550X 2. Bosch, J.A., Nieuwdorp, M., Zwinderman, A.H., Deschasaux, M., Radjabzadeh, D., Kraaij, R., Davids, M., de Rooij, S.R., Lok, A., 2022. The gut microbiota and depressive symptoms across ethnic groups. Nat. Commun. 13, 7129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34504-1 3. Chudzik, A., Orzyłowska, A., Rola, R., Stanisz, G.J., 2021. Probiotics, Prebiotics and Postbiotics on Mitigation of Depression Symptoms: Modulation of the Brain-Gut– Microbiome Axis. Biomolecules 11, 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11071000 4. Levert-Levitt, E., Shapira, G., Sragovich, S., Shomron, N., Lam, J.C.K., Li VoK, Heimesaat, M.M., Bereswill, S., Yehuda, A.B., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Solomon, Z., Gozes, I. Oral microbiota signatures in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) veterans. Mol Psychiatry. 2022 Nov;27(11):4590-4598. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01704-6. Epub 2022 Jul 22. PMID: 35864319. 5. Microbiome in 3P Medicine Strategies. (2023). N. Boyko & O. Golubnitschaja (Eds.), In Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19564-8 Acknowledgment This research was supported partially by Foundation of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, State Registration Number of RP: 0120U102244, 2020-2022