BLUE - ALERT Integrated system for monitoring and early-warning for harmful algal blooms (HABs) by Università di Bologna

The proposal aims to develop an integrated early-warning system for harmful algal blooms (HABs) and eutrophication along the Emilia-Romagna coast by combining satellite remote sensing, in-situ monitoring and machine-learning prediction. Using multispectral and hyperspectral data from platforms such as Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, EnMAP and PRISMA, the system will detect chlorophyll-a, turbidity and other bio-optical indicators, which will be validated and enriched with field measurements of nutrients and environmental variables collected through buoys, sensors and monitoring campaigns. These datasets will feed a predictive platform powered by machine-learning models trained on historical data, enabling short-term forecasts of critical events such as algal blooms or mucilage formation—phenomena increasingly frequent and harmful for marine ecosystems, bathing water quality, tourism and fisheries. Co-designed with ARPAE, CNR, maritime authorities and coastal operators, the system will support rapid, informed decision-making and strengthen the region’s capacity to manage coastal environmental risks. Current work already includes testing bloom indices and ML methods, with the next phase focused on field validation and model refinement. Challenges such as limited in-situ data, modelling complexity and resistance to digital tools will be addressed through strong partnerships, open-source approaches, stakeholder training and pilot deployments. The initiative builds on ongoing collaborations and a doctoral project within the RETURN partnership under Italy’s PNRR, ensuring continuity and further development of the system.