NBS (Nature Base Solutions) for costal defence and regeneration by Università di Bologna

The proposal aims to assess the feasibility of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for coastal protection that simultaneously enhance marine biodiversity in the Emilia-Romagna region. The project focuses on developing and testing biogenic barriers (such as oyster and coral reefs, Sabellaria structures, and seagrass meadows) that naturally stabilize the seabed, dissipate wave energy, and contribute to carbon sequestration. An interdisciplinary team of coastal engineers and geologists will evaluate how different NBS elements interact and compare a range of engineered substrates (e.g., limestone-filled mattresses, 3D-printed structures) designed to host bio-constructing organisms. The study combines mathematical and physical modelling in wave tanks to understand performance and guide future Mediterranean applications. Main challenges relate to permitting and advancing the solutions beyond TRL 5, but collaboration with research institutions and companies producing innovative substrates can help overcome these barriers. The initiative builds on ongoing efforts such as the LIFE NATUREEF project, offering a pathway to design ecologically grounded, climate-resilient coastal restoration strategies.