TNO

TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research) is one of Europe's leading independent applied research organisations. TNO works with industry, governments and knowledge institutes to translate scientific knowledge into practical innovations that strengthen competitiveness, accelerate the energy transition and address societal challenges.

Within TNO, the Geological Survey of the Netherlands (TNO-GDN) is responsible for the national subsurface information infrastructure and acts as the national geological survey. TNO-GDN manages and develops subsurface data, models and knowledge covering geology, reservoirs, wells and underground resources. It supports policymakers, regulators and industry with research and decision-support solutions for geothermal energy, carbon capture and storage (CCS), underground hydrogen storage (UHS), critical raw materials and sustainable use of the subsurface. Through its combination of data stewardship, scientific expertise and applied innovation, TNO-GDN plays a key role in enabling safe, efficient and responsible development of subsurface energy systems in the Netherlands and across Europe.