Mineralization in porous media at various wettability conditions

Mineralization plays a crucial role in several beneficial applications across various industries. In Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), mineralization provides a permanent and stable solution for storing CO₂ by converting it into solid carbonates, particularly in basalt formations or industrial byproducts like steel slag. This process not only reduces atmospheric CO₂ levels but also enhances the durability of certain materials. A key example is concrete and building materials, where carbon mineralization strengthens structures while simultaneously trapping CO₂, making construction more sustainable. Similarly, water remediation benefits from mineralization by precipitating heavy metals as insoluble minerals, preventing their harmful effects on ecosystems and drinking water supplies. In agriculture, controlled mineralization improves soil quality by enhancing its structure, increasing nutrient availability, and promoting long-term fertility. Additionally, mine tailings management leverages mineralization to stabilize hazardous waste, reducing the risk of environmental contamination. By harnessing mineralization in these ways, industries can improve sustainability, reduce pollution, and create long-lasting environmental benefits.